一 、独立结构的构成: 只有当分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时,我们才能用独立结构。独立结构只用做状语,多用于书面语言。常见的独立结构有以下几种: (一) 名词/代词+分词(包括现在分词和过去分词): 1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴随情况) 2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴随情况) (二)名词/代词+形容词: 1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴随情况) 2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴随情况) (三)名词/代词+副词: 1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示补充说明) 2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示补充说明) (四)名词/代词+介词(短语) 1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴随情况) 2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴随情况)
二、独立结构在句子中的作用: 独立结构在句子中只能做状语,这种结构可以用来: (一)表示时间: His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play. (=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.) (二)表示原因: The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. ) (三)表示条件: Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow. (=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.) (四)表示伴随情况或伴随状况: They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way. (五)表示补充说明: He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office. (=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)
三、独立变格的变化 在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加”with” 1、——Why are they taking all the equipment away? ——The job_____, they are packing up to leave. A. it to done B. did C. was did D. done 2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.
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